Which of the following is identified as a disadvantage of the AMS?

The identification of confusion due to a two-vote system as a disadvantage of the Additional Member System (AMS) is accurate. Under this electoral system, voters have two separate votes: one for a constituency candidate and another for a party. This structure can often lead to uncertainty among voters, especially those who may not be familiar with how the two votes relate to the overall outcome.

The dual-vote mechanism can create complexity in understanding how both votes contribute to the proportionate representation in the parliament. Some voters might struggle with the concept that they can support one candidate in their local area while simultaneously endorsing a party list vote that may not correspond to that constituency candidate. This confusion can potentially reduce voter participation or lead to unintentional mistakes on ballot papers, thus impacting the overall democratic process.

Clarification of the system's workings is crucial for ensuring voters can effectively engage with it, highlighting the inherent challenges of having different types of votes in one electoral system.